Women’s health particularly of the reproductive health of rural women in developing countries is at risk influencing childbirth. Studies conducted earlier across the globe have demonstrated that, a homogeneous Lactobacillus-dominated microbiome has long been considered the hallmark of health in the female reproductive tract. In contrast, a vaginal microbiome species as observed with bacterial vaginosis has been associated with increased risk for acquisition and transmission of sexually transmitted infections, PTB and pelvic inflammatory disease. However, many asymptomatic healthy women have diverse vaginal micro biota. More refined approaches are needed to assess risk, promote health, and prevent and treat disease. While conducting the longitudinal study LIFE, it was observed that, there is a cohort of women who experience multiple problems due to altered vaginal microbiota at labor and delivery. Focusing on maternal health, SHARE INDIA team earlier conducted studies on cervical carcinoma. The experience of the health researchers of the SHARE INDIA provided impetus to conduct further study among pregnant women on mother’s health.